Metadata-Version: 2.1 Name: idna Version: 2.10 Summary: Internationalized Domain Names in Applications (IDNA) Home-page: https://github.com/kjd/idna Author: Kim Davies Author-email: kim@cynosure.com.au License: BSD-like Platform: UNKNOWN Classifier: Development Status :: 5 - Production/Stable Classifier: Intended Audience :: Developers Classifier: Intended Audience :: System Administrators Classifier: License :: OSI Approved :: BSD License Classifier: Operating System :: OS Independent Classifier: Programming Language :: Python Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 2 Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 2.7 Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3 Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3.4 Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3.5 Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3.6 Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3.7 Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3.8 Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: Implementation :: CPython Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: Implementation :: PyPy Classifier: Topic :: Internet :: Name Service (DNS) Classifier: Topic :: Software Development :: Libraries :: Python Modules Classifier: Topic :: Utilities Requires-Python: >=2.7, !=3.0.*, !=3.1.*, !=3.2.*, !=3.3.* Internationalized Domain Names in Applications (IDNA) ===================================================== Support for the Internationalised Domain Names in Applications (IDNA) protocol as specified in `RFC 5891 <http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc5891>`_. This is the latest version of the protocol and is sometimes referred to as “IDNA 2008”. This library also provides support for Unicode Technical Standard 46, `Unicode IDNA Compatibility Processing <http://unicode.org/reports/tr46/>`_. This acts as a suitable replacement for the “encodings.idna” module that comes with the Python standard library, but only supports the old, deprecated IDNA specification (`RFC 3490 <http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc3490>`_). Basic functions are simply executed: .. code-block:: pycon # Python 3 >>> import idna >>> idna.encode('ドメイン.テスト') b'xn--eckwd4c7c.xn--zckzah' >>> print(idna.decode('xn--eckwd4c7c.xn--zckzah')) ドメイン.テスト # Python 2 >>> import idna >>> idna.encode(u'ドメイン.テスト') 'xn--eckwd4c7c.xn--zckzah' >>> print idna.decode('xn--eckwd4c7c.xn--zckzah') ドメイン.テスト Packages -------- The latest tagged release version is published in the PyPI repository: .. image:: https://badge.fury.io/py/idna.svg :target: http://badge.fury.io/py/idna Installation ------------ To install this library, you can use pip: .. code-block:: bash $ pip install idna Alternatively, you can install the package using the bundled setup script: .. code-block:: bash $ python setup.py install This library works with Python 2.7 and Python 3.4 or later. Usage ----- For typical usage, the ``encode`` and ``decode`` functions will take a domain name argument and perform a conversion to A-labels or U-labels respectively. .. code-block:: pycon # Python 3 >>> import idna >>> idna.encode('ドメイン.テスト') b'xn--eckwd4c7c.xn--zckzah' >>> print(idna.decode('xn--eckwd4c7c.xn--zckzah')) ドメイン.テスト You may use the codec encoding and decoding methods using the ``idna.codec`` module: .. code-block:: pycon # Python 2 >>> import idna.codec >>> print u'домена.испытание'.encode('idna') xn--80ahd1agd.xn--80akhbyknj4f >>> print 'xn--80ahd1agd.xn--80akhbyknj4f'.decode('idna') домена.испытание Conversions can be applied at a per-label basis using the ``ulabel`` or ``alabel`` functions if necessary: .. code-block:: pycon # Python 2 >>> idna.alabel(u'测试') 'xn--0zwm56d' Compatibility Mapping (UTS #46) +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ As described in `RFC 5895 <http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc5895>`_, the IDNA specification no longer normalizes input from different potential ways a user may input a domain name. This functionality, known as a “mapping”, is now considered by the specification to be a local user-interface issue distinct from IDNA conversion functionality. This library provides one such mapping, that was developed by the Unicode Consortium. Known as `Unicode IDNA Compatibility Processing <http://unicode.org/reports/tr46/>`_, it provides for both a regular mapping for typical applications, as well as a transitional mapping to help migrate from older IDNA 2003 applications. For example, “Königsgäßchen” is not a permissible label as *LATIN CAPITAL LETTER K* is not allowed (nor are capital letters in general). UTS 46 will convert this into lower case prior to applying the IDNA conversion. .. code-block:: pycon # Python 3 >>> import idna >>> idna.encode(u'Königsgäßchen') ... idna.core.InvalidCodepoint: Codepoint U+004B at position 1 of 'Königsgäßchen' not allowed >>> idna.encode('Königsgäßchen', uts46=True) b'xn--knigsgchen-b4a3dun' >>> print(idna.decode('xn--knigsgchen-b4a3dun')) königsgäßchen Transitional processing provides conversions to help transition from the older 2003 standard to the current standard. For example, in the original IDNA specification, the *LATIN SMALL LETTER SHARP S* (ß) was converted into two *LATIN SMALL LETTER S* (ss), whereas in the current IDNA specification this conversion is not performed. .. code-block:: pycon # Python 2 >>> idna.encode(u'Königsgäßchen', uts46=True, transitional=True) 'xn--knigsgsschen-lcb0w' Implementors should use transitional processing with caution, only in rare cases where conversion from legacy labels to current labels must be performed (i.e. IDNA implementations that pre-date 2008). For typical applications that just need to convert labels, transitional processing is unlikely to be beneficial and could produce unexpected incompatible results. ``encodings.idna`` Compatibility ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ Function calls from the Python built-in ``encodings.idna`` module are mapped to their IDNA 2008 equivalents using the ``idna.compat`` module. Simply substitute the ``import`` clause in your code to refer to the new module name. Exceptions ---------- All errors raised during the conversion following the specification should raise an exception derived from the ``idna.IDNAError`` base class. More specific exceptions that may be generated as ``idna.IDNABidiError`` when the error reflects an illegal combination of left-to-right and right-to-left characters in a label; ``idna.InvalidCodepoint`` when a specific codepoint is an illegal character in an IDN label (i.e. INVALID); and ``idna.InvalidCodepointContext`` when the codepoint is illegal based on its positional context (i.e. it is CONTEXTO or CONTEXTJ but the contextual requirements are not satisfied.) Building and Diagnostics ------------------------ The IDNA and UTS 46 functionality relies upon pre-calculated lookup tables for performance. These tables are derived from computing against eligibility criteria in the respective standards. These tables are computed using the command-line script ``tools/idna-data``. This tool will fetch relevant tables from the Unicode Consortium and perform the required calculations to identify eligibility. It has three main modes: * ``idna-data make-libdata``. Generates ``idnadata.py`` and ``uts46data.py``, the pre-calculated lookup tables using for IDNA and UTS 46 conversions. Implementors who wish to track this library against a different Unicode version may use this tool to manually generate a different version of the ``idnadata.py`` and ``uts46data.py`` files. * ``idna-data make-table``. Generate a table of the IDNA disposition (e.g. PVALID, CONTEXTJ, CONTEXTO) in the format found in Appendix B.1 of RFC 5892 and the pre-computed tables published by `IANA <http://iana.org/>`_. * ``idna-data U+0061``. Prints debugging output on the various properties associated with an individual Unicode codepoint (in this case, U+0061), that are used to assess the IDNA and UTS 46 status of a codepoint. This is helpful in debugging or analysis. The tool accepts a number of arguments, described using ``idna-data -h``. Most notably, the ``--version`` argument allows the specification of the version of Unicode to use in computing the table data. For example, ``idna-data --version 9.0.0 make-libdata`` will generate library data against Unicode 9.0.0. Note that this script requires Python 3, but all generated library data will work in Python 2.7. Testing ------- The library has a test suite based on each rule of the IDNA specification, as well as tests that are provided as part of the Unicode Technical Standard 46, `Unicode IDNA Compatibility Processing <http://unicode.org/reports/tr46/>`_. The tests are run automatically on each commit at Travis CI: .. image:: https://travis-ci.org/kjd/idna.svg?branch=master :target: https://travis-ci.org/kjd/idna